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Thursday, May 1, 2014

Conflict assessment for FCA Peace Work in Northern Kenya

by Unknown  |  at  1:57 AM

TERMS OF REFERENCE Conflict assessment for FCA Peace Work in Northern Kenya
1. Introduction and background
Finn Church Aid (FCA) is one of Finland’s largest non-governmental organizations working with development issues, and also a major provider of disaster relief. FCA operates in over twenty countries across four continents, and has over 60 years of experience. Key thematic areas are Right to Livelihood (R2L), Right to Education (R2E), and Right to Peace (R2P).FCA’s right to livelihood activities includes livelihood diversification and Disaster Risk Reduction activities, with a link to peace dividends. In the pastoralist communities of northern Kenya, the focus is on livelihood diversification and community managed disaster risk reduction, whereas in the projects targeting refugee youth focus on income generating and marketing skills and life skills. Right to Education work focus mainly on second change education for refugee youth in the Dadaab camp. FCA is a member of a consortium led by Adeso implementing the peace component of a larger USAID-funded project in five Counties of Northern Kenya; Turkana, Marsabit, Isiolo, Garissa and Wajir. The aim of the project is to reduce inter-tribal conflicts between these communities in collaboration with existing traditional institutions, local governance structures and local communities.
2. Justification and Purpose of the Assignment
2.1 Justification of the Assignment Violent conflicts involving pastoralists have become widespread and increasingly severe in the Northern Kenya, namely Turkana, Marsabit, Isiolo, Wajir, and Garissa. These violent conflicts have had very severe and negative impacts on the communities that are involved in these conflicts. In particular, loss of human life, property, displacements of large segments of the communities, disruption of socio-economic activities and livelihoods, increased hatred between communities, environmental degradation and threats to water catchments areas, increased economic hardships as a result of loss of livelihoods, high levels of starvation and malnutrition among the displaced groups and unprecedented dependency syndrome on relief food are the main negative impacts of the increasing and severe inter-ethnic armed conflicts in the targeted counties. Disarmament has not reached all parts in the targeted counties and illegal arms are frequently available, thus creating high tension between the conflicting communities. The conflicts have become increasingly destructive and less manageable calling for innovative ways that can contribute to a more robust conflict resolution.
Northern Kenya is the site of some of the most violent and overt conflicts in the country. There is an urgent need to begin tackling some of the underlying issues to these conflicts in order to bring about a sustained resolution. Through this assignment, FCA seeks to gather information on major conflicts in Northern Kenya. The assignment will gather information on the existing conflicts, level of conflict, the roots causes, stakeholder perceptions, interests, positions and motivation to identify potential approach and intervention process to resolve the conflict. It will include an identification of issues considered important to each of the key stakeholders (community, local authorities, affected families/individuals, traditional/religious leaders) and an identification of potential partners and recommend activities.
22.2 Purpose and objectives of the assignment
Overall Objective
The purpose of the conflict assessment is to provide report, analysis and recommendations that will help FCA and its partners to plan and implement relevant and efficient Right to Peace activities in Northern Kenya namely Turkana, Marsabit, Isiolo, Wajir, and Garissa.
The specific objectives of this conflict assessment are:
  • Generation of relevant background and analytical information about the conflicts in Northern Kenya.
  • Identify the existing conflicts, level of conflict, the roots causes, stakeholder perceptions, interests, positions and motivation.
  • Identify issues considered important to each of the key stakeholders (community, local authorities, affected families/individuals, traditional/religious leaders).
  • Produce relevant recommendations on the potential approach and intervention process to resolve the conflict.
  • Identify potential new Right to Peace partners in Northern Kenya.
  • Identify potential linkages between future FCA Right to Peace work in Northern Kenya and existing peacebuilding programs/projects in Northern Kenya (if any).
  • Produce relevant recommendations on the way forward for Right to Peace work in Northern Kenya.
  • Provide insight into existing (traditional or new) conflict resolutions and reconciliation mechanisms of coping, managing addressing conflicts in Northern Kenya and the role that religious actors could potentially play.
Importantly, traditional or religious leaders’ role in conflict is not always constructive and positive. Thus, the assessment should pay attention also to religious leaders’ role as drivers of the conflict.
2.3. Expected results/Outputs
The assessment is expected to provide the following practical results, answering the following questions:
a) Brief description of the various conflicts in Northern Kenya, and the subsequent peace processes
  • What are the past and current violent conflicts in Northern Kenya?
  • Who are the conflicting parties?
  • What are the root causes of the conflicts?
  • Has there been any mediation attempts made to address the conflicts in Northern Kenya and if so a) who were the mediators? b) Why the mediations has failed or succeeded? Who were/are the key stakeholders/actors?
  • What were the methods that have been used? Are there any lessons that can be drawn for the past mediations?
  • What roles did or can the youth, women, traditional leaders and religious leaders played in the mediations?
  • What role can FCA play?
  • What human rights violations have taken place?
  • Are there potential spoiler groups?
b) Analysis of the role and impact of traditional leaders, religious leaders’ participation in the mediation processes?
What are the roles of religious leaders, traditional leaders that they have/can play / are playing in the mediation processes?
  • If traditional/religious leaders and/or have participated in peace processes, what kind of impact has their participation had on the outcomes of these processes? If there has been no visible impact, why?
  • What are the challenges, strengths and weaknesses in religious leaders and traditional leaders’ participation in mediation processes at different levels?
  • How do different stakeholders see the role of religious/traditional leaders should change, if at all?
c) Brief description of the role and action by International actors in engaging traditional or religious leaders in Peace and Reconciliation in Northern Kenya
Who are the key actors (governmental and non-governmental actors; local and international NGOs, UN agencies) involved (past and current) in mediation/peacebuilding in Northern Kenya?
d) Analysis and recommendations:
  • What activities can FCA do in Northern Kenya?
  • Why FCA should undertake such activities?
  • Who are the beneficiaries of such activities?
  • Who (and why) are the potential FCA implementing partners?
  • What are the resources needed to implement the proposed activities (if any)?
  • What are the linkages and synergies between possible Right to Peace, Right to Education and Right to livelihood?
3. Use of the assessment results
The results of the assessment will be used by program and management staff of FCA International Programmes (IPRO), including the Planning and Organisational Development (PODE) unit FCA Headquarters, the East and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO), and the Kenya Country programme, as well as a consortium led by Adeso partners in Northern Kenya.
The results will be used as follows by FCA Kenya and operational partners:
  • The results will inform FCA and its partners’ on-going program work leading to improved understanding, appropriateness and quality of current interventions.
  • The results will inform FCA, a consortium led by Adeso, and other local partners’ (and possibly other partners in the region) decisions on program planning for advocacy work supporting religious and traditional leaders’ participation in consolidating peace and stability in Northern Kenya.
  • The results will be used as a general baseline for FCA’s future advocacy work concerning religious and traditional leaders’ participation in peace processes.4 By FCA ESARO, IPRO and PODE:
  • As far as the information provided by the assessment is replicable to other contexts than Northern Kenya, it will be used to develop FCA’s work on Right to Peace in other relevant operational areas of FCA.
  • Results will be used for conceiving relevant higher level advocacy actions for religious and traditional leaders’ participation in Eastern Africa peace processes, and establishing linkages and synergies between these actions and FCA’s existing program work the East Africa region.4. Scope of the assessment
The geographical scope of the assessment is Northern Kenya, namely Turkana, Marsabit, Isiolo, Wajir, and Garissa counties.
The purpose of the assessment is not to provide a lengthy description of every conflict, but an overview that will help informing and focusing the assessment, as well as providing contextual information to FCA and its partners.
The assessment should focus on the ongoing and recent conflicts. The older conflicts and peace processes should only be covered to the extent it is needed for background information.
5. Working modalities/Methodology
While it is up to the consultant(s) to develop and discuss with FCA the precise methodology used for the assessment, the assessment should be carried out through a combination of:
  1. Desk study, which may include review of FCA’s strategy, Kenya country plans, partner’s project reports and other documents and
  2. Developing preparatory work and assessment questionnaires to be used during the assessment.
  3. Field study in Northern Kenya including interviews and meetings with relevant stakeholders and consultations with FCA staff.
  4. Analysis, recommendations and comprehensive report.
6. Timing
The assessment will be carried out in May 2014. The selected consultant(s) are expected to travel to Northern Kenya for a period of 15-25 days.
7. Reporting
A preliminary report/presentation of the initial findings will be made available to key actors involved in assessment process. Reactions to the preliminary report/presentation will be accommodated in the final report. The final report will be made available at the end of June 2014.
The final report, written in English, should address the issues and questions raised in section 2 of this ToR and correspond to the objectives set out above. The main text of the report should be 40 to 50 pages in length. In addition, the report should have an executive summary (2 to 4 pages), containing 5the main findings, key conclusions drawn from analysis of the findings, and recommendations for FCA as to planning future advocacy work on the subject matter of the study.
The report should contain (but not limited to) the following:
  1. Executive Summary presenting the major findings and recommendations (3-4 pages)
  2. A short description of the methodology used
  3. A short description of the assessment context and process including its constraints and challenges
  4. Detailed findings based on the study
  5. Analysis of the findings (following the key questions outlined in the ToR)
  6. Conclusions and recommendations for FCA
The annexes of the report should contain (but not be limited to):
  1. ToR for the Assessments
  2. List of reference documents
  3. List of people interviewed, by affiliation, and contact details
8. Consultant’s required qualifications and experience
The consultant hired for the assignment should meet the following minimum requirements:
  • Academic background in research, peace and conflict resolution studies or similar.
  • Extensive experience in conducting field research and surveys.
  • Strong interviewing and communication skills in a field-based setting.
  • Excellent analytical and report writing skills.
  • Proficient in English.
  • Knowledge of advocacy efforts and initiatives will be an added advantage.
  • Knowledge of the local situations and cultures of the focus areas in Northern Kenya will be an added advantage.
9. Copyright
Copyright for the report will remain with FCA.
How to apply:
Please send application letter and CV to mika.jokivuori@kua.fi

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